Proximity malware based on the DTN model brings unique security challenges that are not present in the infrastructure model. In the infrastructure model, the cellular carrier centrally monitors networks for abnormalities; moreover, the resource scarcity of individual nodes limits the rate of malware propagation. Proximity malware exploits the opportunistic contacts and distributed nature of DTNs for propagation. In this paper, we first propose a general behavioral characterization of proximity malware which based on naive Bayesian model, which has been successfully applied in non-DTN settings such as filtering email spams and detecting botnets. We identify two unique challenges for extending Bayesian malware detection to DTNs (“insufficient evidence versus evidence collection risk” and “filtering false evidence sequentially and distributedly”), and propose a simple yet effective method, look ahead, to address the challenges. Furthermore, we propose two extensions to look ahead, dogmatic filtering, and adaptive look ahead, to address the challenge of “malicious nodes sharing false evidence.” Real mobile network traces are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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