We describe previous researches on presence services, and survey the presence service of existing systems. Well known commercial IM systems leverage some form of centralized clusters to provide presence services. A taxonomy of different features and functions supported by the three most popular IM systems, AIM, Microsoft MSN and Yahoo! Messenger. The authors also provided an overview of the system architectures and observed that the systems use client-server-based architectures. Skype, a popular voice over IP application, utilizes the Global Index (GI) technology to provide a presence service for users. GI is a multi-tiered network architecture where each node maintains full knowledge of all available users. Since Skype is not an open protocol, it is difficult to determine how GI technology is used exactly. The ubiquity of the Internet, mobile devices and cloud computing environments can provide presence-enabled applications, social networkapplications/services, worldwide. Facebook , Twitter , Foursquare , Google Latitude , buddycloud and Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) are examples of presence-enabled applications that have grown rapidly in the last decade. Social network services are changing the ways in which participants engage with their friends on the Internet. They exploit the information about the status of participants including their appearances and activities to interact with their friends. The wide availability of mobile devices (e.g., Smartphones) that utilize wireless mobile network technologies, social network services enable participants to share live experiences instantly across great distances. Social network applications are becoming increasingly popular on mobile devices. A mobile presence service is an essential component of a social network application because it maintains each mobile user’s presence information, such as the current status (online/offline), GPS location and network address, and also updates the user’s online friends with the information continually. If presence updates occur requently, the enormous number of messages distributed by presence servers may lead to a scalability problem in a large-scale mobile presence service. To address the problem, we propose an efficient and scalable server architecture, called Presence Cloud, which enables mobile presence services to support large-scale social network applications. When a mobile user joins a network, Presence Cloud searches for the presence of his/her friends and notifies them of his/her arrival. Presence Cloud organizes presence servers into a quorum-based server-to-server architecture for efficient presence searching.
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